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The common cause principle says that every correlation is either due to a direct causal effect linking the correlated entities or is brought about by a third factor, a so-called common cause. The principle is of central importance in the philosophy of science, especially in causal explanation, causal modeling and in the foundations of quantum physics. Written for philosophers of science, physicists and statisticians, this book contributes to the debate over the validity of the common cause principle, by proving results that bring to the surface the nature of explanation by common causes. It provides a technical and mathematically rigorous examination of the notion of common cause, providing an analysis not only in terms of classical probability measure spaces, which is typical in the available literature, but in quantum probability theory as well. The authors provide numerous open problems to further the debate and encourage future research in this field.

Causation --- Science --- Physics --- Philosophy --- Causation. --- Normal science --- Philosophy of science --- Causality --- Cause and effect --- Effect and cause --- Final cause --- Beginning --- God --- Metaphysics --- Necessity (Philosophy) --- Teleology --- Philosophy. --- General and Others --- Science - Philosophy --- Physics - Philosophy

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Causation --- Causation. --- Causality --- Cause and effect --- Effect and cause --- Final cause --- Beginning --- God --- Metaphysics --- Philosophy --- Necessity (Philosophy) --- Teleology --- Statistics as Topic --- Causality. --- Statistics as Topic. --- Area Analysis --- Estimation Technics --- Estimation Techniques --- Indirect Estimation Technics --- Indirect Estimation Techniques --- Multiple Classification Analysis --- Service Statistics --- Statistical Study --- Statistics, Service --- Tables and Charts as Topic --- Analyses, Area --- Analyses, Multiple Classification --- Area Analyses --- Classification Analyses, Multiple --- Classification Analysis, Multiple --- Estimation Technic, Indirect --- Estimation Technics, Indirect --- Estimation Technique --- Estimation Technique, Indirect --- Estimation Techniques, Indirect --- Indirect Estimation Technic --- Indirect Estimation Technique --- Multiple Classification Analyses --- Statistical Studies --- Studies, Statistical --- Study, Statistical --- Technic, Indirect Estimation --- Technics, Estimation --- Technics, Indirect Estimation --- Technique, Estimation --- Technique, Indirect Estimation --- Techniques, Estimation --- Techniques, Indirect Estimation --- Enabling Factors --- Multifactorial Causality --- Multiple Causation --- Predisposing Factors --- Reinforcing Factors --- Causalities --- Causalities, Multifactorial --- Causality, Multifactorial --- Causation, Multiple --- Causations --- Causations, Multiple --- Enabling Factor --- Factor, Enabling --- Factor, Predisposing --- Factor, Reinforcing --- Factors, Enabling --- Factors, Predisposing --- Factors, Reinforcing --- Multifactorial Causalities --- Multiple Causations --- Predisposing Factor --- Reinforcing Factor --- Mediation Analysis --- research design --- causal model --- target parameter specification --- identifiability --- statistical estimation --- sensitivity analysis